PASSIVE VOICE

Okay the next material is passive voice, maybe for explain about passive voice I will use Indonesian language, so I hope you can understand what I write. check this out!!!

Definisi

Passive voice adalah sebuah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai sebuah pekerjaan.

Misalnya ibu sedang mencuci piring (aktiv), piring sedang dicuci ibu (passive). Or in english Mother is washing plates (active), plates is being washed by mother (passive).

Tidak semua kata kerja dapat di ubah kedalam bentu pasif ada beberapa syarat yang harus dipenuhi, syarat :

Kata kerja (verb) yang diubah menjadi kalimat passive adalah kata kerja tertentu yang berobyek tapi ada beberapa kata kerja tertentu yang berobyek tapi jarang sekali dalam kalimat passive, yaitu fit, have, lack, resemble, and suit.

Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kalimat nominal dan intrasitive tidak bisa diubah menjadi kalimat passive.

Aturan dalam kalimat passive :

1. Subject dalam kalimat aktif menjadi object dalam kalimat pasif
2. Sebaliknya object dalam kalimat aktif menjadi subject dalam kalimat pasif
3. Kalimat yang dipasifkan harus memiliki object
4. Jika kalimat actif tidak memiliki auxiliary (to be), maka kita harus menambahkan (to be) yang disesuaikan dengan subject yang digunakan dalam kalimat pasif juga harus disesuaikan dengan bentuk tenses yang dipasifkan
5. Letakkan kata kerja utama (verb) setelah to be pada kalimat pasif yaitu kata kerja bentuk ke 3
6. Letakkan preposision “by” setelah verba utama dalam kalimat pasif sebelum object
7. Susunan kalimat atau pola yang dipasifkan harus sesuai dengan tenses
8. Verb transitive tidak digunakan dalam kalimat pasif, kecuali kalimat tersebut menggunakan cognate object dalam aktif

Ex : she sang a fine song
A fine song was sung by her

Penggunaan “by”

1. Penggunaan passive voice tanpa “by+O”

a. Bila tidak menyebutkan pelaku atau tidak penting untuk mengetahui siapa yang melakukan pekerjaan

Example : rice is grown in Thailand

b. Manakala tidak tahu siapa pelaku dalam pekerjaan tersebut

Example : this house was built in 1981

c. Manakala subject dalam kalimat pasif (onject pelakunya)... people, someone, somebody

Example : somebody intoduce me to Dr. Felix last year

I was intoduced to Dr. Felix last year

2. Penggunaan passive voice dengan menggunakan “by+O”

a. Jika perlu mengetahui si pelaku baik person or thing

Example : life on Mussissipi was written by Mark Twain

b. Sebagai pengganti kalimat aktif ketika si pembicara ingin memfokuskan pada subject active voice dari pada object active voice

Example : this glove was made by my aunt

Pembahasaan Passive voice

1. Present Passive Voice

Nama tenses	Active rumus	Passive rumus
Simple	S+V1(S/ES)+O+adv	S+am,is,are+V3+by+O+adv
Continuous	S+am,is,are+V-ing+O+adv	S+am,is,are+being+V3+by+O+adv
Perfect	S+have/has+V3+O+adv	S+have/has+been+V3+by+O+adv
Perfect continuous	S+have/has+been+V-ing+O+adv	S+have/has+been+being+V3+O+adv

Note : untuk tense present perfect continuous jarang sekali digunakan dalam kalimat pasif.

1) Simple Present Tense

Active	Passive
David drives the car fast	The car is driven by David fast
She writes a love letter	A love letter is written by her
He speak english very well	English is spoken by him very well

2) Present Continuous Tense

Active	Passive
George is reading a magazine	A magazine is being read by George
She is not eating rice	Rice is not being eaten by her
They are drawing flowers	Flowers are being drawn by them

3) Present Perfect Tense

Active	Passive
Alex has met a beautiful girl	A beautiful girl has been met by Alex
We have just met the president	The president has just been met by us
I have known Justin Bieber for five years	Justin Bieber has been known by me for five years

4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Active	Passive
He has been marrying her	She has been being married by her
He has been carrying an apple	An apple has been being carried by him

2. Past Passive voice

Nama Tenses	Active Rumus	Passive Rumus
Simple	S+V2+O+adv	S+was/were+V3+by+O+adv
Continuous	S+was/were+V-ing+O+adv	S+was/were+being+V3+by+O+adv
Perfect	S+had+V3+O+adv	S+had+been+V3+by+O+adv
Perfect Continuous	S+had+been+Ving+O+adv	S+had+been+being+V3+O+adv

Note : untuk tense past perfect continuos jarang sekali digunakan dalam kalimat passive

Example :

a) Simple Past Tense

Active	Passive
She wrote a love letter yesterday morning	A love letter was writen by her yesterday morning
He gave me some money	Some money were given by him
They saw kites on the sky yesterday afternoon	Kites were seen by them on the sky yesterday afternoon

b) Past Continuous Tense

Active	Passive
My mother was drinking a cup of tea	A cup of tea was being drunk by my mother
He was giving me two new cars last year	I was being given two new cars by him last year
They were singing a sad song	A sad song was being sang by them

c) Past Perfect Tense

Active	Passive
They had studied english	English had been studied by them
He had loved her for a long time	She had been loved by him for a long time
Mr.taylor had played drama very well	The drama had been played by Mr.taylor very well

d) Past perfect continuous tense

Active	Passive
She had been marrying him	He had been beimg married by her
I had been bought an apple	An apple had been being bought by me

3. Future Passive Voice

Nama Tenses	Active Rumus	Passive Rumus
Simple	S+will/shall+V1+O+adv	S+will/shall+be+V3+by+O+adv
Continuous	S+will/shall+be+Ving+O+adv	S+will/shall+be+being+V3+by+O+adv
Perfect	S+will/shall+have+V3+O+adv	S+will/shall+have+been+V3+by+O+adv
Perfect Continuous	S+will/shall+have+been+Ving+O+adv	S+will/shall+have+been+being+V3+O+adv

Note : untuk tenses future perfect continuous jarang sekali digunakan dalam kalimat passive

a. Future Tense

Active	Passive
They will visit you tommorow	You will be visited by them tommorow
Super junior will come to Jakarta next month	Jakarta will be come by Super Junior next month
Angela will study French next week	French will be studied by Angela next week

b. Future Continuous Tense

Active	Passive
They will be telling me a story soon	I will be being told a by them a story soon
Mr.Jaka will be meeting me in Chicago next month	I will be being met by Mr.Jaka in Chicago next month
She will be taking us to the hospital soon	We will be taken her to the hospital

c. Future Perfect Tense

Active Diana will have made a cup	Passive A cup will have been made by Diana
They will have finished their homework	Their homework will have been finished by them
Susana will have visit us	We will have been visited by Susana

d. Future perfect continuos tense

Active	Passive
I will have been seeing you	You will have been being seen by me
She will have been visiting you	You will have been being visited by her